Monday, October 10, 2011

Converge at a Point or not

Source: wikipedia.org
John Hancock Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1970 designed by SOM
One of the most famous buildings of the structural expressionist style, the skyscraper's distinctive X-bracing exterior is actually a hint that the structure's skin is indeed part of its 'tubular system'. This idea is one of the architectural techniques the building used to climb to record heights (the tubular system is essentially the spine that helps the building stand upright during wind and earthquake loads). This X-bracing allows for both higher performance from tall structures and the ability to open up the inside floorplan (and usable floor space) if the architect desires. Original features such as the skin have made the John Hancock Center an architectural icon. -- Wikipedia
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Source: suite101.com
College Life Insurance of America Headquarters, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, 1971 designed by Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo & Associates

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Source: wikipedia.org
Transamerica Pyramid, San Francisco, California, USA, 1972 designed by William Pereira
The building is a tall, four-sided pyramid with two "wings" on either side to accommodate an elevator shaft on the east and a stairwell and a smoke tower on the west. The top 64.6 m (212 ft) of the building is the spire.  -- Wikipedia
the building's flamboyance is more than just architectural narcissism. Its form derived from the logical desire to be high, yet not to block light and views. And the result of all this is a shape that also enliven the skyline in a way that benefits the entire city. -- Paul Goldberger, "On the Rise", P. 106.
Source: pcf-p.com
Grand Louvre — Phase I, Paris, France, 1989 designed by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
The challenge was magnified by the fact that the Louvre was originally constructed, and used for most of its life, as a royal palace; it was fundamentally ill-suited to serve as a museum.
The two-phase solution involved the reorganization of the long linear building into a compact U-shaped museum around a focal courtyard. A centrally located glass pyramid forms the new main entrance and provides direct access to galleries in each of the museum's three wings. Critically, the pyramid also serves as a skylight for a very large expansion building constructed under the courtyard to provide all the public amenities and technical support required in a modern museum. -- architect's web site

Source: wikipedia.org
Burj Al Arab, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 1999 designed by Tom Wright of Atkins
is a 5-star luxury hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. At 321 m (1,053 ft), it is the fourth tallest hotel in the world. Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 m (920 ft) out from Jumeirah beach, and is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge. The shape of the structure is designed to mimic the sail of a ship. -- Wikipedia

Source: Foster + Partners
Al Faisaliah Complex, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2000 designed by Foster + Partners 
Square in plan, the building is designed around a compact central core which tapers to a point, with four main corner columns defining its unique silhouette.  -- architect's web site

Source: Foster + Partners
Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, Astana, Kazakhstan, 2006 designed by Foster + Partners 
This programmatic diversity is unified within the pure form of a pyramid, 62 metres high with a 62 x 62-metre base. Clad in stone, with glazed inserts that allude to the various internal functions, the pyramid has an apex of stained glass by the artist Brian Clarke.  -- architect's web site

Source: BWTC
Bahrain World Trade Centre, Manama, Bahrain, 2008 designed by Atkins
Borrowing from a distinctly nautical flavour, each tower is visually anchored to the ground by a concertina of curved, sail-like forms that progressively peel back to reveal a dramatic form that resembles a shard of blue glass.
the design provides for three 29m diameter wind turbines horizontally supported between the towers. In plan, the sail profiles of the two towers funnel the onshore breeze between them as well as creating lift behind, thus further accelerating the wind velocity between the twin structures. The turbines are expected to produce between 11 and 15 percent of the total electrical consumption of the building.  -- World Architecture News

Source: Ricardo Bofill archdaily.com
W Barcelona Hotel, Barcelona, Spain, 2010 designed by Ricardo Bofill
A sail shaped building on a 10 hectares land claimed from the sea, is included in an ambitious urban renovation plan of Barcelona coastline. -- ArchDaily

Source: wikipedia.org
Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2010 designed by SOM
What matters, in the long haul, is the artistry that separates skyscrapers that are merely yardstick-tall from those that make of their tallness a smashing aesthetic virtue. And the Burj Khalifa easily meets — and exceeds — and exceeds — that standard, soaring in both height and design quality above Dubai’s often-ludicrous collection of architectural cartoons.  -- Architectural Record
The Burj Khalifa two years later: With help from Hollywood, the world's tallest building asserts its status as a global icon, but real estate and urban planning problems remain -- Cityscapes

Source: Thibault Marcilly archdaily.com
Refuge En Terre, Aube (department), France, 2011 designed by Thibault Marcilly
The refuge stands in the middle of an empty field, far from city, noise, and people. It is designed as a space for meditation. A wooden door, a window looking toward the skyline, and zenithal lighting are the three elements that give the refuge the human scale. Inside, the roof is covered with a plexiglass window, allowing people to sit under the skylight, even when it’s raining. The plexiglass window is slightly raised, allowing rain water to drop down along the west wall and smoke to come out of the roof when people make a fire inside.  -- ArchDaily

Source: Lucas Shaller archdaily.com
BTV branch, Innsbruck, Austria, 2011 designed by Rainer Köberl
Black and white squares cover the building in a regular pattern. It suggests a chessboard, but also has something of the white snow-covered mountains that surround Innsbruck. The striking feature of this bank building is its steeply rising roof – Köberl wanted to make the building as tall as possible so it is not swamped by the surrounding urban architectural jumble. Underscoring the shape is the striking pattern of the facade. Like a chessboard, the outer skin consists of square, concrete-coloured panels made of fibre-reinforced concrete alternating with black air holes of the same size. -- ArchDaily

Source: archdaily.com
The Shard, London, UK, 2012 designed by Renzo Piano
The design consists of several glass facets that incline inwards but do not meet at the top, and is inspired by the masts of ships that once anchored on the Thames.
the Shard will be open to the general public who can visit the viewing platforms on floors 68-72. These viewing galleries offer breathtaking 360° views across London. The viewing galleries are accessed directly from an entrance on the mezzanine level at below ground level so that visitors do not cross over with any of the other users of the building. -- Dezeen
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The opening of the Shard from ArchDaily
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Source: Jeroen Musch archdaily.com
Book Mountain and Library Quarter, Spijkenisse, The Netherlands, 2012 designed by MVRDV
It features a 480 meter route, lined with bookshelves, that wraps around a stacked, pyramidal form as it is showcased through the library’s glass structure. The “mountain of books” illuminates from within and serves as both an advertisement and an invitation to reading. The adjacent Library Quarter consisting of 42 social housing units, parking and public space is also a project by MVRDV. Together, with the Book Mountain, it strives to form an “exemplary eco-neighborhood”. -- ArchDaily

Source: Airmas Asri archdaily.com
Ananta Legian Hotel, Legian, Bali, Indonesia, 2012 designed by Airmas Asri
The lobby is a pyramid-like building with blunt top inspired by the form and characteristic of Balinese glass handicraft, and the floral Balinese traditional ornament. 
The lobby building was constructed with steel frame structure to pin two layers, the glass inside and the carving outside. These layers are separated by a 50-centimeter wide space between the glass and the carving for maintenance needs. This layering system creates an aesthetic three-dimensional effect to the GRC carving, and a shady and mild ambience to inside of the building.  To prevent overheating on the inside of the building, it was designed with an open gate and the glass layer served as natural ventilation. -- ArchDaily

Source: Alessandro Ciampi archdaily.com
Bank of Pisa and Fornacette New HQ, Fornacette PI, Italy, 2014 designed by Massimo Mariani
Entirely clad with an iridescent metallic skin, the building changes colour with the light and, as a whole, greatly resembles a large ingot. The main façade opens to the outside with a large multicoloured glass window that transforms into a lantern at night, while the other façades are dotted with regularly spaced terraces and windows on the golden cladding. -- ArchDaily

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